载波相位差分接收机自主完好性监测研究     

孟领坡  吴杰  袁义双 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2011,(3)

首先提出了浮点变换完全去相关法,该方法能够在单历元动态确定整周模糊度。研究了基于载波相位测量的完好性监测方法。利用最小二乘残差构造统计检验量,对整周模糊度进行检测。分析了定位误差保护限与卫星构型、漏警概率的关系。实测数据表明,整周模糊度在单历元动态求解的成功率为100%,增加1颗卫星将使垂直定位误差保护限减少约0.2 m,统计检验量检测周跳的正确率为100%。  相似文献   

Oceanic Origin of A Recent La Nina-Like Trend in the Tropical Pacific   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Liping  WU Lixin  YU Lisan 《大气科学进展》2011,28(5):1109-1117

Global ocean temperature has been rising since the late 1970s at a speed unprecedented during the past century of recordkeeping.This accelerated warming has profound impacts not only on the marine ecosystem and oceanic carbon uptake but also on the global water cycle and climate.During this rapid warming period,the tropical Pacific displays a pronounced La Nin a-like trend,characterized by an intensification of west-east SST gradient and of atmospheric zonal overturning circulation,namely the Walker circulation.This La Nin a-like trend differs from the El Nin o-like trend in warm climate projected by most climate models,and cannot be explained by responses of the global water cycle to warm climate.The results of this study indicate that the intensification of the zonal SST gradient and the Walker circulation are associated with recent strengthening of the upper-ocean meridional overturning circulation.  相似文献   

GRAPES RUC系统模拟研究及应用试验   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

郝民  徐枝芳  陶士伟  朱立娟  王雨  龚建东 《高原气象》2011,30(6):1573-1583

利用GRAPES RUC（Rapid-Update Cycle）同化和预报系统,分析了2009年6月3日发生在河南的飑线过程,以及2009年汛期连续3个月的不同循环周期同化结果的预报效果对比。结果表明,GRAPES RUC同化预报系统能更加有效地同化多时次的观测资料,抓住快速变化的强对流天气系统。对于飑线这类突发性强对...  相似文献   

黑龙江省草地螟第三暴发周期气候特征及风险概率     

陈莉  方丽娟  张少锋  陈红  王承伟  安晓存  张洪文  杜岩  汪喜江 《辽宁气象》2011,(3):67-72

1996年以来,黑龙江省草地螟第三暴发周期持续至今,危害日益加重。以1959—2008年黑龙江省28个国家基本站气象资料以及草地螟暴发期等资料为基础,分析了黑龙江省草地第三暴发周期的气候特征及风险概率。结果表明：近50 a来,黑龙江省年平均气温、年平均最低气温呈显著的上升趋势,通过0.001显著性检验,气温在1988年前后出现突变。其他要素如降水量、降水日数、风速和日照时数均呈减少趋势,但只有年日照时数和年平均风速的减少趋势通过了显著性检验。哈尔滨草地螟始发日期与同期平均气温、日最高气温、最低气温、最小相对湿度关系密切,本地越冬虫源春季羽化对气温、相对湿度敏感性较高;同时,始见日期与最大风速的风向相关较为密切,可能是由于外地虫源对风向敏感性较高。通过对黑龙江省草地螟高峰期首日的风险概率分析,得出草地螟高峰期出现在5月最后一个候的风险概率为23.6%;出现在6月上旬的风险概率为36.6%;出现在6月中旬的风险概率为24.0%;出现在6月下旬的风险概率为14.4%。  相似文献   

干旱区绿洲气候变化及影响——以新疆石河子为例     

蒲云锦  韩春光 《内蒙古气象》2011,(2):23-26,34

文章以新疆石河子气象局1961—2008年年均气温、年降水量和年均日照观测资料为研究对象,运用趋势拟合方法、Morlet小波和Yamamoto方法分析其趋势变化、周期及突变特性。结果表明:48年中,石河子年平均气温和年降水量呈递增趋势,年均日照呈微弱递减趋势,均有一定的周期性,在不同的年份发生了突变,最后分析了气候变化对农业生产的影响。  相似文献   

物理守恒律保真全球谱模式辐射—云—对流过程的改进   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

钟琦  钟青  沈元芳 《气候与环境研究》2011,16(4):407-418

辐射—云一对流相互作用的正确和合理描述是改进湿物理过程描述和数值模式的重要方面.在一个物理守恒律保真的全球模式中引入描述更细致的云参数化方案和辐射参数化方案,对6个30天实时资料数值积分进行分析.结果表明,通过云参数化方案中云描述的细化,改进了模式对云分布、云量、以及云水、云冰不同相态的模拟;辐射方案中对这些云水物质的...  相似文献   

基于ERA40资料的边界层厚度气候特征分析     

王学忠  胡邦辉  李昀英 《气象科学》2011,31(3):339-346

为了解边界层厚度的大尺度分布及其气候循环特征,基于逐日ERA 40 再分析边界层厚度资料,采用统计学方法计算边界层厚度分4个时次的季节循环、年较差等气候特征场,对全球边界层厚度分布及其季节演变特征进行了研究。结果表明：全球较厚的边界层分布与大地形、沙漠等下垫面的分布有直接联系;陆地强边界层分布存在“08时”现象,即陆地较厚边界层中心分布在当地时间08时经线附近;在大洋上南北纬30°~40°两条纬度带内边界层厚度的月尺度内变率较大,与大气强斜压性的天气系统活跃区一致;月平均日较差的年循环特征存在着季节性南北进退的现象。研究结果对于全面认识和科学利用ERA 40逐日边界层再分析资料有一定帮助。  相似文献   

Air-sea CO₂ exchange of beach and near-coastal waters of the Chukchi Sea near Barrow, Alaska     

Hiroki Ikawa  Walter C. Oechel 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(13):1357-1364

Partial pressure of CO₂ in equilibrium with sample water (pCO₂) for the coastal water in the Chukchi Sea was continuously observed in summer, 2008. Average daily CO₂ flux calculated from the pCO₂ and gas transfer coefficients ranged from −0.144 to −0.0701 g C m⁻² day⁻¹ depending on which gas transfer coefficient was used. The pCO₂ before the landfast ice sheets melted appeared to be highly biologically controlled based on the following information: (1) the diurnal pattern of pCO₂ was strongly correlated with Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD); (2) high chlorophyll density was observed during periods of peak uptake; and (3) the day-to-day variation in the pCO₂ strongly correlated with the presence or absence of near-shore ice sheets. The lowest pCO₂ of 35 ppm together with the highest PPFD of 1362 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹ were observed in the afternoon on June 28 in the presence of sea ice. The very low pCO₂ observed in late June was likely caused by high photosynthetic rates related to high phytoplankton densities typically observed from spring to early summer near the ice edge, and by water low in salinity and CO₂ released by melting sea ice early in the season.  相似文献   

Application of stable isotope techniques in studies of carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zhigao Sun  Xiaojie Mou  Xinhua Li  Lingling Wang  Hongli Song  Huanhuan Jiang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2011,21(2):129-148

Stable isotope techniques have been proved useful as tools for studying the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem. This paper firstly introduced the basic principles and the distribution characteristics of stable isotope, then reviewed the recent advances and applications of stable isotope in the C and N biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem. By applying the 13 C natural abundance technique, ecologists are able to understand the photosynthetic path and CO 2 fixation of plants, the CO 2 exchange and C balance status of ecosystem, the composition, distribution and turnover of soil organic C and the sources of organic matter in food webs, while by using the 13 C labeled technique, the effects of elevated CO 2 on the C processes of ecosystem and the sources and fate of organic matter in ecosystem can be revealed in detail. Differently, by applying the 15 N natural abundance technique, ecologists are able to analyze the biological N 2 -fixation, the N sources of ecosystem, the N transformation processes of ecosystem and the N trophic status in food webs, while by using the 15 N labeled technique, the sources, transformation and fate of N in ecosystem and the effects of N input on the ecosystem can be investigated in depth. The applications of both C and N isotope natural abundance and labeled techniques, combined with the elemental, other isotope ( 34 S) and molecular biomarker information, will be more propitious to the investigation of C and N cycle mechanisms. Finally, this paper concluded the problems existed in current researches, and put forward the perspective of stable isotope techniques in the studies on C and N biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem in the future.  相似文献   

城市化进程对氮循环格局及动态的影响研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

高群  余成 《地理科学进展》2015,34(6)

氮循环是全球生物地球化学循环的重要组成部分,随着城市化进程的不断加快,高强度的人类活动和城市景观格局的改变不仅影响了氮的循环过程,而且加重了氮污染的程度,对城市生态环境造成了严重的影响。城市尺度的氮循环研究不仅是全球关注的氮研究热点,而且也是城市生态学和城市地理学研究的前沿。本文基于城市生态系统的氮循环特征,综述了城市化进程对城市氮污染物来源、沉降、输移和累积影响研究的国内外大量研究成果,介绍了卫星遥感、稳定同位素、物质流模型等分析方法在城市氮循环研究中的应用,针对未来几十年活性氮增加可能带来的不利影响,提出对活性氮的减缓策略,以有效抑制活性氮对环境的影响。未来城市氮循环研究需要开展长期系统监测、深化城市氮循环机理研究、创新研究范式和研究方法,并将研究成果与城市规划和城市发展研究相结合,提升城市氮管理能力。  相似文献